Ed M. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . He received a moderate education during his youth, as was typical during that era. NARA describes this effort: The compilation of service records of Confederate soldiers was begun in 1903 under the direction of Brig. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. 58692. The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. Most questions answered within 4 hours. Four regiments usually formed a brigade, although as the number of soldiers in many regiments became greatly reduced, especially later in the war, more than four were often assigned to a brigade. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied The Legion, raised in September 1862, fought until the end of the War. As the Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. Former Confederate secretary of state Robert Toombs said "In my opinion, the worst calamity that could befall us would be to gain our independence by the valor of our slaves instead of our own " and complained using black troops would be "a surrender of the entire slavery question. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the But there was no official recruitment of black soldiers in the Confederate army until the very end of the war" He continued, "But Appomattox came only a few weeks later, and none of these men were ever put in uniform to fight. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. gray. Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. [112] Outside Savannah, Georgia $30,000,000 worth of Confederate gold, stamped "Confederate States of America Treasury" is said to have been buried under the name of a Confederate general between two false generals in a cemetery. Uploaded by Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. Website Name. Probably the most common way the two sides in the conflict are referred to is "the North" and "the South," designating respectively the states, mostly in the northern regions of the country, that did not secede from the United States and the states that did secede and joined together in a new polity, and these states were all located in the southern parts of the United States. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. [40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. The full service records are housed at the National Archives and Records Administration. They were also What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. soldiers. This was a decision made early in the conflict. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. Officers' uniforms bore a braided design on the sleeves and kepi, the number of adjacent strips (and therefore the width of the lines of the design) denoting rank. It is not in the nature of these men to remain quiet in the ranks under such circumstances. For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . He was first assigned to Company E, 2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, but was later transferred to Company G of the same regiment, and was promoted to sergeant. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter signed the outbreak There were seven full generals in the CSA; Steven G. Collins, "System in the South: John W. Mallet, Josiah Gorgas, and uniform production at the confederate ordnance department.". Emancipation was a salient issue for Union soldiers because it was controversial. Hone your math skills with our flashcards! South: Also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States of America, or (by Northerners) the Rebel states, the South incorporated the states that seceded from the United States of America to form their own nation. Members of all the military forces of the Confederate States (the army, the navy, and the marine corps) are often referred to as "Confederates", and members of the Confederate army were referred to as "Confederate soldiers". [81] As a result of the Treaty, the 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles, led by Col. John Drew, was formed. [2], Kirkland went on to fight in both the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of Gettysburg where, after further distinguishing himself for courage and ability, he was promoted to lieutenant. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. Also during these 60 years, hundreds of lunching of innocent black men took place in the South while white families, some with young children, watched on as though they were killing a mouse. [24] The act was amended twice in 1862. ", Samuel J. Watson, "Religion and combat motivation in the Confederate armies. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. An acrimonious and controversial debate was raised by a letter from Patrick Cleburne[106] urging the Confederacy to raise black soldiers by offering emancipation; Jefferson Davis refused to consider the proposal and issued instructions forbidding the matter from being discussed. In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one such treaty was the Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861. An exact The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. At least one major was next in command. The Confederacy refused. [126][127] The Republican Party's platform of the 1864 presidential election reflected this view, as it too condemned the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. William Holland Thomas, the adopted white son of the chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, recruited hundreds of Cherokees for the Confederate army, particularly for Thomas' Legion. Where should I start working out out of shape? To learn more, click on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com. "Justice Has Something to Do with It: Class Relations and the Confederate Army." They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. While I think the slavery was certainly a significant catalyst (along with tariffs & internal improvements) for the war, once started the Southern objective was simple: obtain independence in a national liberation struggle. Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American history to justify their costs. [92], During the siege of Yorktown, The United States Army's elite sniper unit, the 1st United States Sharpshooters, was devastatingly effective at shooting Confederate artillerymen defending the city. "[45], In 1894, Virginian and former Confederate soldier John S. Mosby, reflecting on his role in the war, stated in a letter to a friend that "I've always understood that we went to war on account of the thing we quarreled with the North about. For Confederate army soldiers, there are two major records in NARA that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR) and (2) records reproduced in microfilm publication M861, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations (74 rolls). What were Confederate soldiers nicknames in the American Civil War? Benning is one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers. Official Records, Series IV, Vol. III, pp. To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country, you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn't want secession", "The Civil War News & Views Open Discussion Forum", "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate", "Real Confederates Didn't Know About Black Confederates", "The Most Pernicious Idea: 150 Years Later", "Confederate Law authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, March 13, 1865, as promulgated in a military order", "Understanding Fort Pillow: 'Full and Ample Retaliation', "SECTION III.DesertersPrisoners of warHostagesBooty on the battle-field", INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD, "West Points of the Confederacy: Southern Military Schools and the Confederate Army". the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". For further information address me at Mobile, Ala. (Signed) S. G. Spann, Comm'ing Choctaw Forces. From the solar system to the world economy to educational games, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking. Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, and June 28, 1865. The kepi was rarely used, the common slouch hat being preferred for its practicality in the Southern climate. It also extended the terms of enlistment for all one-year soldiers to three years. A Chance for Active Service. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. The C.S. At the end of the war 174,223 men of the Confederate forces surrendered to the Union Army. The truth is: these status, symbols, and the Confederate flag were and are displayed in order to offend and degrade our black Americans. In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. Vol 2, C.A. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. At some point during the day, Kirkland allegedly approached Confederate Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. Collections; . Get a free answer to a quick problem. Individual states were expected to supply their soldiers, which led to a lack of uniformity. The Georgian newspaper opined that using black men as soldiers would be an embarrassment to Confederates and their children, saying that although African Americans should be used for slave labor, they should not be used as armed soldiers, opining that: Such an act on our part would be a stigma on the imperishable pages of history, of which all future generations of Southrons would be ashamed. During the Jim Crow era and even through the MLKing years of peaceful demonstrations, more than 700 monuments were part of roughly 1,500 symbols (such as naming schools, streets and Army bases) of the Confederacy in public spaces. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. LII, Part 2, pp. Companies were commanded by captains and had two or more lieutenants. Name that Criminal 55%. While on the march or in parade formation, Confederate armies often displayed a wide array of dress, ranging from faded, patched-together regulation uniforms; rough, homespun uniforms colored with homemade dyes such as butternut (a yellow-brown color), and even soldiers in a hodgepodge of civilian clothing. The most likely crossword and word puzzle answers for the clue of Former Confederate Soldier Found In Rhodes. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Michael Quinion and Patrick Hanks argue that the term comes from the Dutch name Janneke, a diminutive form of Jan (John) which would be Anglicized as Yankee due to the Dutch pronunciation of J as the English Y. And Maryland's nickname "Old Line" refers to the steadfast Maryland troops from the era of the American Revolution. ", Scott King-Owen, "Conditional Confederates: Absenteeism among Western North Carolina Soldiers, 18611865.". The southern states called this new union they had created the "Confederacy," or more formally "the Confederate States of America" (a.k.a. (MA thesis Virginia Tech, 2014). The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . The United States victory at Vicksburg in 1863 shut off supplies from Texas and the west. [81][82] They fought knowing they might jeopardize their freedom, unique cultures, and ancestral lands if they ended up on the losing side of the Civil War. [50][51], Historians of the Civil War have emphasized how soldiers from poor families deserted because they were urgently needed at home. Stand Watie, along with a few Cherokee, sided with the Confederate army, in which he was made colonel and commanded a battalion of Cherokee. Brigades were commanded by brigadier generals although casualties or other attrition sometimes meant that brigades would be commanded by senior colonels or even a lower grade officer. I have a great-great step-grandfather who was a doctor in the 1st LA Cavalry during the War of Northern Aggression. [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Its Anglicized spelling Yankee could, in this way, have been used to mock Dutch colonists. The road system was poor, and it relied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad system. They felt that they had no choice but to help defend their homes. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. Mostabout 90,000were former . All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. Parker stated that had he been given an opportunity, he would have turned against his Confederate captors, and "could do it with pleasure". For more information about Fold3. The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. [1] [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. However, when Kirkland asked if he could show a white handkerchief, General Kershaw stated he could not do that. [81] The Cherokee were guaranteed protection, rations of food, livestock, tools, and other goods, as well as a delegate to the Confederate Congress at Richmond. He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. The central government was short of money so each state government had to supply its regiments. They called the Confederate soldiers the Rebels or "Rebs". Army -- Registers, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:lcpdf:942a4376-e0e6-4197-8274-c8c436bda8c3, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:epub:02c5afa1-2a5a-48fd-9a4d-dafc1a72f20e, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). [6][citation needed]. Required fields are marked *. Continuing, McPherson also stated that of the hundreds of Confederate soldiers' letters he had examined, none of them contained any anti-slavery sentiment whatsoever: Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view. By the mid-war, most regiments averaged 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts. Author Neil Schmitz has examined the deep unease Twain felt about losing his honor, his fear of facing death as a soldier, and his rejection of a Southern identity as a professional author. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. [71], Rough unit sizes for CSA combat units during the war:[72], Regiments, which were the basic units of army organization through which soldiers were supplied and deployed, were raised by individual states. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Confederate soldiers had a variety of nicknames, such as Reb, Johnny Reb, Greyback, Rebels, Secesh, Butternuts and Johnnies, according to Josephus Nelson Larned in his book The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research: During the first year of the war [of the rebellion in the United States] the Union soldiers commonly called their opponents, Rebs and Secesh; in 1862, Confeds; in 1863 Graybacks and Butternuts and in 1864, Johnnies. The nickname Butternuts was given the Confederates on account of their homespun clothes, dyed reddish-brown with a dye made of butternut bark. "[45] A North Carolinian soldier stated, "[A] white man is better than a nigger. This was the highest rate of desertion of any Confederate state. The Northern soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. Co. Collection Do not sell or share my personal information. They were paid in Confederate currency. [130][131], Compared to the Union Army at the time, the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. Black Confederates: Truth and Legend. [95][96], The Confederacy did not allow African Americans to join the army, neither free people nor slaves. For Free. reb. At first, it was thought that the Union would open fire, which would result in the Confederacy returning fire, resulting in Kirkland being caught in a crossfire. The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Catawba, and Creek tribes were the only tribes to fight on the Confederate side. Select from premium Confederate Soldiers of the highest quality. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. By September 1864, however, President Davis publicly admitted that two-thirds of the soldiers were absent, "most of them without leave". These seven states also known as the Confederate States of America laid the foundation of the Confederacy during 4 to 9 February 1861 at a meeting held in Montgomery , Alabama. By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. Copy. The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Nicknames for U.S. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. [52] One Confederate officer at the time noted, "The deserters belong almost entirely to the poorest class of non-slave-holders whose labor is indispensable to the daily support of their families" and that "When the father, husband or son is forced into the service, the suffering at home with them is inevitable. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. War The Confederate Congress gave control over military operations, and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the President of the Confederate States of America on February 28, 1861, and March 6, 1861. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The most common term for a generic Confederate, however, was Johnny Reb. i dont know the answer thats why i was looking for it on here. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. What was the nickname of the Confederate soldiers? [99] Despite lacking foreign assistance and recognition and facing slim chances of victory against superior U.S. assets, Confederate newspapers such as the Georgian Atlanta Southern Confederacy continued to maintain their position and oppose the idea of armed black men in the Confederate Army, even as late in the war as January 1865. Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. He first saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), and later in the Battle of Savage's Station, Battle for Maryland Heights and Battle of Antietam, during which time many of his closest friends from Kershaw County were killed. The main Confederate armies, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee and the remnants of the Army of Tennessee and various other units under General Joseph E. Johnston, surrendered to the U.S. on April 9, 1865 (officially April 12), and April 18, 1865 (officially April 26). [11], Under orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S. The Confederacy Established. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. [115][116], The usage of black men as soldiers by the Union, combined with Abraham Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, profoundly angered the Confederacy,[117] with the Confederates calling it uncivilized. On March 8 the Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men. Army was composed of independent armies and military departments that were constituted, renamed, and disbanded as needs arose, particularly in reaction to offensives launched by the United States. The Secretary of War has authorized me to enlist all the Indians east of the Mississippi River into the service of the Confederate States, as Scouts. [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. The majority of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age. Monument depicting Kirkland giving water to wounded Union troops at . On December 13, 1862, Kirkland's unit had formed at the stone wall at the base of "Marye's Heights" near Fredericksburg, Virginia. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. For Confederate soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks to access EPUB PDF. For Union soldiers because it was not very ethnically diverse i start working out... Texas and the west kepi was rarely used, the 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles, led by Col. Drew! Of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers nicknames in the ``... 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