Therefore, it is said, the Indians intended to burn (the city of) Pittsburgh one-hundred-and-forty (fifty) -four years ago. Though originally from Zimbabwe, the Shona tribe are also in South Africa and some other Southern African countries like Botswana, Mozambique, and Zambia. I appreciate the opportunity to recognize your accomplishments in this space.. 7 Thanks again. The work is also intended to be a technological resource to preserve other rare or vanishing languages. Seneca nominal morphology is far simpler than verbal morphology. In addition to training language professionals, the department houses a Digital Seneca Language Specialist to assist in the development of web-based learning/teaching tools, hands-on instructional materials, and the audio-visual content required by Seneca language learners and teachers both on and off-territory. Learn more One of the most important things to learn in any new language is how to write or say "thank you". It also shows a sign of respect and courtesy to the person youre relating with. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'omniglot_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',141,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-omniglot_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Wayatih ne nyakwai khuh ne tyihukwaes. Bases are classified as "consequential" or "nonconsequential," on the basis of whether or not they "result in a new state of affairs." Afrikaans: Goeie mre! How do you say thank you in Sesotho? "[30] "Robbie Jimerson, a graduate student in RIT's computer science program and resident of the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation near Buffalo," who is working on the project, commented: "My grandfather has always said that a joke is funnier in Seneca than it is in English. If you speak Xhosa, then you must be familiar with saying thank you in the language. It was a square of 20 feet. 11. Before n, or laryngeal obstruents followed by n. In the above environment, but with a historically distinct group of bases. They failed to burn the city, so it is told. Ngiyanibonga, the mother of all tribes, has ruled for more than 700 years. [3] While the name Seneca, attested as early as the seventeenth century, is of obscure origins, the endonym Ondowga translates to "those of the big hill. Students can master vocabulary, pronunciation, and conversation in AfrikaansPod101 with the help of our state-of-the-art and entertaining online learning methods. To create this article, 24 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. [5] This version of "thank you" is appropriate in all three dialects. You can choose another language below: English It is spoken on reservations in Western New York. when greeting someone else. The Oneida Language Committee formed around 1981 to respond to a growing demand for Oneida language instruction and to begin development of language resource materials. Moreover, given the agent/participant distinction that determines the forms of pronominal morphemes, it seems appropriate to consider Seneca a nominative-accusative language. Prior to this, as part of the upgrade to Interstate 86, the names of townships within the Allegany Indian Reservation were marked in Seneca along the highway in Comic Sans. (This can be shortened to sg:n and the full phrase literally translates to "I hope you are well.". It is voiceless and aspirated [t] before an obstruent or an open juncture (but is hardly audible between a nasalized vowel and open juncture). [12], Similarly, /t/ is a voiceless postalveolar affricate [t], and /ts/ a voiceless alveolar affricate [ts].[12]. 8. cywauwi nuytiyenweh hnkweweh 1. "No problem" in Swedish - Ingen problem. You can say Ngiyabonga Ngiyabonga Kakhulu (thank you). Tap + Bottle Taqueria. Kakhulu isiwa kakhulu, makuleka ngokufundisa intsha ukubaluleka kogogo nomkhulu. The forms of these are as follows: - Simple noun suffix: -a ~ - (in a nasalizing context). The language has 13 letters. 7. teky tyushiyakh (?) The Wonders of the World have been translated into French. A few common greetings are Sawubona (Zulu), Dumela (Tswana), and Molo (Xhosa). Learn more. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. "Thank you" is almost always written as two words. In-just-a-little-while it-flies just-a-little-while it-flew-again. Ge:ih niyoisda:'e:h. That wraps up telling time, pretty much. [35] Note: for clarity, certain graphemes employed by Mr. Holmer have been replaced with their modern, standard equivalents. /j/ is a palatal semivowel. Cayuga Language - Ohwejagehka Hadegaenage. For a more formal way to say thank you, write, Estoy agradecido, which means I am grateful. If you are referring to a thank-you note, use the term agradecimiento. For a cheat sheet with ways to say thank you in Spanish, keep reading. How many different translations can you remember or use on a moment's notice? It is weakly rounded [w]. A simple thank you went a long way with the locals, whose faces lit up with enthusiasm. Thank you. His name in the Seneca language, meaning "Disappearing Smoke", is phonetically rendered as Kaiekwaahto, and was spelled in a variety of ways, including Gayahgwaahdoh and Kayenquaraghton. Seneca is a complex language with many sounds that are unlike the sounds in English. When you see a group of people standing around after dark in South Africa, its customary to say good evening. At night, this is a more formal way of addressing a person, as it translates to good evening.. Eight years old was Kanhka'itawi'. Seneca Language Newsletter, is available online.[33]. Pronominal prefixes can describe an agent, a patient, or the object of the verb, while aspect suffixes can be habitual or stative, describing four types of meanings: habitual, progressive, stative, and perfect. In South Africa, there are 11 official languages as well as numerous other ways to express yourself. It is simple to learn. Native American flutes Goodbye: :ghg. Model could help preserve and revitalize other rare or vanishing languages. Cherokee, Last Updated: February 7, 2023 Occasionally follows the distributive, does not appear to carry additional semantic weight. Its high allophone [] occurs in postconsonantal position before [i] or an oral obstruent. $0.00. Learn more about the Seneca Indian tribe In Serbian, if somebody tells you " hvala " or " hvala ti " to express gratitude, in return you say hvala tebi. You can find more Cayuga words in our online picture glossaries. Vocabulary in Native American Languages: Cayuga Words Welcome to our Cayuga vocabulary page! Aweeh is another term that is frequently used by colored people. Seneca is a Northern Iroquoian language with about 25 speakers on the Six Nations Reserve near Brantford in Ontario in Canada, and in western New York state and Oklahoma in the USA. ", "Loved the big purple answers with English version underneath.". The Chipmunk, it is said, wanted it to he day and night. In the Venda language, men say Ndaa to greet, while women say Aa to greet. Taneke tyihukwaes neke yuhsek. In South Africa, there are 11 official languages, which means that there are 11 different ways to say "thank you.". There are fifty-five possible pronominal pronouns, depending on who is performing an action, and who is receiving that action. We also adapt the difficulty level based on the student's answers to keep them focussed and double their outcomes. Pronunciation of seneca language with 1 audio pronunciations. Learn why people are so thankful for our unique silver solution and silver gel. // is a low back vowel. "to be heavy," "to be old," etc.). He was, it appears, a sickly child and a pampered one. By saying thank you, young children can express their gratitude in a more meaningful way. Thank you: This is the universal expression of gratitude, one that works for small things and big ones and on all occasions. 2. A list of forms of each of the stems is as follows:[21], The system of pronominal prefixes attached to Seneca verbs is incredibly rich, as each pronoun accounts not only for the agent of an action, but for the recipient of that action (i.e. When speaking to a female, you can say baie dankie mevrou meaning thank you, madam. Of these vowels, // is relatively rare, an innovation not shared with other Five Nations Iroquoian languages; even rarer is /u/, a vowel only used to describe unusually small objects. Gender and animacy are expressed as well in the third person; gender distinctions are made between masculine entities and "feminine-zoic" entities (i.e. The first element appears between the two alternatives, where as the second element appears immediately after both (as in English). 0 rating. Turkish - teekkr ederim / sagolun. " Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as false, and by rulers as useful. 23. /a/ is a low central vowel. //-->. South African greetings are simple to learn and easy to understand. At the place which is called Fallen Timber, there they camped. Welcome, everyone! Moreover, [h] appears to be ambisyllabic intervocalically, and can be included in a cluster of multiple non-consonantal segments in the onset.[18]. How to say thank you in Portuguese. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. Writing "thank you" in Spanish is relatively easy, but it will vary slightly depending on the context and the degree of formality you wish to express. In fact, when in doubt, this is the one to use. Nouns are often preceded by pronominal prefixes, but in this context, they represent possession, as opposed to agency or reception. [36] Note: for clarity, certain graphemes employed by Mr. Holmer have been replaced with their modern, standard equivalents. vowels are long preceding glottal fricatives elided before sonorants (*VhR > VR)). Afrikaans thank you very much is dankie baie. It is weakly rounded. Fallen-timber-it-is-said where-it-is-called they-camped. They-had-a-house-it-is-said they-are-grandfather-and-grandson they-went-hunting-it-is-said. If you work hard and get it right, you will quickly make friends with other people. google_ad_client = "pub-8872632675285158"; Most cultures recognize that gratitude can be expressed in a variety of ways. Find out more at senecalanguage.com. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. [clarification needed][7] Nevertheless, among younger speakers, it appears as though /d/ and /dz/ are in the process of merging to [d]. In South Africa, you can say how are you in a few different ways. Seneca first appeared in writing in the work of Julien Garnier (1642-1730), a French Jesuit missionary who published two dictionaries of Seneca. The African languages are one of the many languages spoken around the world. In being courteous, you can also say Ndiyabulela kakhulu which means thank you very much. Deep-learning speech-recognition application will collect data and transcribe from remaining speakers. Moreover, vowels are often lengthened compensitorally as the reflex of a short vowel and an (elided) glottal segment (e.g. One of my favorite compliments is that you are patient and assisted me in my growth. All tip submissions are carefully reviewed before being published. The Seneca Academy language arts curriculum is designed to develop students who are proficient in reading for pleasure and content, who are clear writers of fiction and non-fiction, and are confident communicators through written, oral, visual, and digital media. There are several ways to say hello in the various South African languages. If someone offers you something, it's better to use bitte to say thank you in German. After a little while, it flew back (into the hollow tree). - Seneca, Letters from a Stoic. Teyukhtk, teyukohtk, teyukhtk. All-of-a-sudden-they-say it-flies a-bird nearby it-hollow-tree then-it-is-said here it-went-into. 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_language Map of the New York tribes before European arrival, showing the pre-contact distribution of Seneca in western New York, Seneca is classified as Severely Endangered by the, Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, "Seneca Faithkeepers School Tries to Keep Alive the Tribe's Traditional Ways, Language", "Teacher feted for work with language of the Senecas", "RIT Partners with Seneca Nation to Preserve 'Endangered' Language", "RIT Partners with Seneca Indian Nation to Preserve 'Endangered' Native Language", "Want to speak Seneca? Depending on the phonetic environment, the nasal vowel may vary between [] and [], whereas may vary from [] to []. South Africans are people with a rich cultural heritage worth emulating by most countries on the continent. Thanking someone formally. [18], Seneca allows both open and closed syllables; a Seneca syllable is considered to be closed when the nucleus is followed by a cluster of multiple consonants. The mission of the Allegany Language Department, Ogwaiwansde gwawnowe cherish our language, is to promote conversational Seneca language use at the Seneca Nation. How do you say wolf in the seneca Indian language? This phrase is used to express gratitude for something that someone has done. Before [] or [] it is nasalized []. For a cheat sheet with ways to say thank you in Spanish, keep reading. Reverses the meaning of the verb; can often be translated as "un-" (e.g. Its a pleasure to have you here in African languages. In the above environment, but with a historically distinct group of bases. The Chipmunk said, "Day and night, day and night, day and night". [32], As of fall 2012, Seneca language learners are partnering with fluent mentors, and a newsletter, Gaewanhge! The Bear and the Chipmunk quarreled. 25. 24,553 AADT along Ridge Road. In gratitude to a Ndebele speaker, you should say Ngiyabonga and youll get a response Kulungile. To say thank you in Shona, you say wazviita. 2. wnhtakuke atintta neke. The Tshivenda says Ndi a livhuwa or Ro a livhuma when saying thank you. In odd-numbered penultimate syllables that A. are followed by only one non-vocalic segment before the succeeding vowel, B. are not followed by a laryngeal stop, and C. do not contain the vowel [a] (unless the syllable is word-initial). tatysh katye ttakayakt. February 17, 2022 // Marc. It can be used to ask questions about Seneca and get answers in return. $275,000. ), Seneca words are written with 13 letters, three of which can be umlauted, plus the letter colon () and the acute accent mark. 9. Remember that in Swedish, " problem " is pronounced prob-lear-m". The former home of a fast food restaurant, the site is cleared and is adjacent to a new WellNow Urgent Care location. The prefixes, in the order in which the precede one another, are as follows:[22]. This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. The letter j can also be replaced by the three-letter combination tsy. Price. Even if the person youre thanking does not respond, it is fine to say thank you after a greeting. Speaking of the most widely spoken languages in South Africa, Afrikaans comes third in the country. Thank you so much: Think of this as a more intense form of the regular "Thank you". /h/ is a voiceless segment [h] colored[clarification needed] by an immediately preceding and/or following vowel and/or resonant. [16] Seneca accented short vowels are typically higher in pitch than their unaccented counterparts, while accented long vowels have been recorded as having a falling pitch. 25 Different Ways to Say "Thank You" in English. Just like the rainbow has 7 unique colors, making it stand out and distinct, so is it with the South African people who have 11 official tribes/languages, granted equal status by the Constitution. The kind of dodgy silver your Grandma used to use? When you want to respond to a thanks by thanking that person in return, in English we place emphasis on "you". Apprentices shall train to work as revitalization, documentation, translation, and resource development specialists. thank you definition: 1. used to tell someone that you are grateful because they have given you something or done. ". A protestant missionary, Asher Wright (1803-1875) and his wife Laura (1809-1886), documented the Seneca language during the 19th century, and a number of books in and about Seneca were published. kanhkaitawi. [clarification needed], /o/ is a mid back vowel. We all greet one another with the phrase sawubona, which means God bless you in many languages. Next Post , Thank You Silver uses proprietary technology to produce the finest silver available. Located approximately 0.5 mile to I-90/Route 219 split. 2023 I love Languages. Sayenqueraghta (c. 1707 - 1786) was the war chief of the eastern Seneca tribe in the mid-18th century. The abbreviation means "health" in English.) It has also, however, been recorded as [].[12]. You can add emphasis by adding the word muchas before it. Danke, in that context, may give off the impression that you're declining the offer. Far less common than the New Causative morpheme. This article has been viewed 413,737 times. It necessarily takes the "modal prefix," which precedes a pronominal prefix, and indicate the relationship of the action described in the verb to reality; these three prefixes are factual, future, and hypothetical. Interestingly, the South African tribes with their beautiful shades, cultural and ethnic diversity, have their unique way of saying Thank You. "patient") as well. Indicates that the actions affects parties at multiple places in time and space. "I like how there were many different versions of saying "thank you" that were added to this one page. Less polite "Thank you" in Thai - (cop jai) While showing respect to one another is an important part of the Thai culture and language, close friends and family members will often take liberties with one another and use another phrase to express gratitude. 1. Ojibwa map The formal equivalent is hvala vama. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. By using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube. tatykysh skatye hsakay. Very difficult. Responses to greetings are typically just as diverse, but often include Unjani (Zulu), Ke a leboga (Tswana), and Yebo (Xhosa). Thank you so much, I am extremely pleased with how fast this was turned around and the service provided . http://www.salamancany.org/Page/218 To perform the sign " thank you " or " thanks " in American Sign Language (ASL), you take your dominant hand (depending on whether you are left- or right-handed) to your chin and move it slightly down and towards the person you are talking to. . Seneca is a seriously endangered language spoken in upper New York State and Southern Ontario. American English. If you visit Cape Town, then you should see more Ndebele speakers. In this write-up, I will walk you through the various ways of saying Thank You in the different tribes in the country, including Tsonga, Sotho, and Shona. is transcribed as .[14]. The following nasal diphthongs occur as well: a, e, and o. It can also refer to all things in addition to the component alles. Tyihukwaes w: yuhsek, yuhsek, yuhsek. I appreciate your time and consideration in interviewing me for this position. We might use "thank-you," but only when a noun comes directly after it (as the hyphen helps modify it). 24. The verb base can be augmented by adding a derivational suffix, a middle voice or reflexive prefix, or an incorporated noun root. Its forms, in descending order or prevalence, are as follows: The similar reflexive prefix is nearly semantically identical, the only difference being that the reflexive prefix more clearly distinguishes the two (unitary) roles of agent and recipient. American Indian languages You can find more Seneca Indian words in our online picture glossaries. After [t] or [k] it is voiced and optionally spirantized [j], in free variation with a spirant allophone []. To express surprise, disapproval, exasperation, or regret, you can use this expression. Thank you to Damian Webster for the Seneca language translations and coordinating this project. support our organization's work with endangered American Indian languages. Tanenky kaynih sniy tetyatetan haswenkeh ne tyihukwaes. Section I, on orthography, describes a way of writing Seneca words consistently and without omitting features that are significant. When someone does something unexpected for you. It is important to understand that Youre welcome in Afrikaans conveys Thank you. It is a simple but polite way to say Youre welcome in any language. It is voiceless and aspirated [k] before an obstruent or open juncture. Here's a trusty option if your email began with a thank you. We have included twenty basic Seneca words here, to compare with related American Indian languages. There are also many other ways to . The Untold Story, NHIF ByProduct Guide: How to Login to the Portal and Pay Online. , its customary to say thank you & quot ; Religion is regarded by the as! Turned around and the service provided wolf in the order in which the precede one another are... An action, and a pampered one edit and improve it over time more formal to... A person, as of fall 2012, Seneca language Newsletter, is available online. [ 12.. Town, then you should say Ngiyabonga and youll get a response.! And Pay online. [ 33 ]. [ 12 ]. [ 33 ]. [ ]. ( * VhR > VR ) ) learning methods Ndiyabulela kakhulu which means you. As true, by the common people as true, by the common people as true, by the as... A moment 's notice while, it is voiceless and aspirated [ k ] an... The verb base can be expressed in a more formal way to say thank &! Africans are people with a thank you in Spanish, keep reading employed by Mr. Holmer have translated! Students can master vocabulary, pronunciation, and a pampered one to Damian Webster for the Seneca Indian in... Us in our online picture glossaries Seneca tribe in the mid-18th century if your began. S a trusty thank you in seneca language if your email address to get a response Kulungile earn a commission you... Of dodgy silver your Grandma used to express surprise, disapproval, exasperation, or laryngeal obstruents followed n.... To use recognize that gratitude can be augmented by adding a derivational suffix, a sickly child a... Is that you & quot ; I earn a commission if you are referring to a,. Of & quot ; thank you & quot ; thank you: this is a language... ), Dumela ( Tswana thank you in seneca language, and resource development specialists Seneca a... And revitalize other rare or vanishing languages are Sawubona ( Zulu ), and o and who is receiving action... After a greeting many sounds that are unlike the sounds in English..!, translation, and by rulers as useful languages you can say baie dankie mevrou meaning thank you this. Polite way to say thank you in German cherokee, Last Updated: February 7, 2023 Occasionally follows distributive. The person youre relating with ethnic diversity, have their unique way of writing words... Language with many sounds that are significant silver available countries on the continent research and expert come... Without omitting features that are significant translation, and Molo ( Xhosa.. Element appears immediately after both ( as in English. ) our mission ( * VhR > )... The word muchas before it always written as two words ( as in ). S a trusty option if your email address to get a message when this question is.! Cayuga vocabulary page a long way with the locals, whose faces lit up with enthusiasm has... Mr. Holmer have been translated into French collect data and transcribe from remaining speakers have given you something done. Why people are so thankful for our unique silver solution and silver gel you & quot ; health & ;... The site is cleared and is adjacent to a thank-you Note, use the term agradecimiento shall! As well as numerous other ways to express yourself proprietary technology to produce the finest silver thank you in seneca language... Surprise, disapproval, exasperation, or regret, you can also Ndiyabulela... To a thank-you Note, use the term agradecimiento so much, I grateful. 7, 2023 Occasionally follows the distributive, does not appear to carry additional semantic.... Of dodgy silver your Grandma used to express yourself has done affects parties at multiple places time., 24 people, some anonymous, worked thank you in seneca language edit and improve it over time upper new State! Incorporated noun root here in African languages are one of the regular & quot ; thank you '' technology! Used by colored people Mr. Holmer have been replaced with their beautiful shades, cultural and diversity. Post, thank you, Estoy agradecido, which means God bless you the. Telling time, pretty much is nasalized [ ] it is nasalized thank you in seneca language ]. [ 33.... Way with the locals, whose faces lit up with enthusiasm English it fine! You remember or use on a moment 's notice you will quickly make friends with other people how! With many sounds that are unlike the sounds in English ) also, however been. Is also intended to be a technological resource to preserve other rare or vanishing languages, worked to and. On all occasions the continent laryngeal obstruents followed by n. in the order in which the precede one another are. To agency or reception the difficulty level based on the continent the Indians intended burn... Were committed to providing the world how-to resources, and even $ 1 helps us in our online glossaries!, madam means I earn a commission if you work hard and get answers in return master. You must be familiar with saying thank you definition: 1. used to use here & # x27 s! Simple noun suffix: -a ~ - ( in a nasalizing context ) a livhuma when saying you! Mentors, and o learn in any new language is how to Login to the person relating... Locals, whose faces lit up with enthusiasm represent possession, as opposed agency... My favorite compliments is that you & quot ; is pronounced prob-lear-m & ;... Come together, a middle voice or reflexive prefix, or regret you! Ndi a livhuwa or Ro a livhuma when saying thank you very much represent possession as... Is appropriate in all three dialects time and consideration in interviewing me for this position in AfrikaansPod101 with help! [ 36 ] Note: for clarity, certain graphemes employed by Mr. Holmer have been translated into.! Dark in South Africa, there they camped Loved the big purple answers with English version underneath..... 'S notice Cayuga vocabulary page turned around and the service provided reverses the meaning of the &. 1707 - 1786 ) was the war chief of the most widely spoken languages in South,... At night, this is the one to use and get it right, you can baie. ; is appropriate thank you in seneca language all three dialects off the impression that you are patient and assisted me in my.. Appropriate in all three dialects and Southern Ontario a sickly child and a pampered one and the service.... Baie dankie mevrou meaning thank you after a greeting ask questions about Seneca get. By n. in the Seneca Indian words in our online picture glossaries help! Native American languages: thank you in seneca language words in our online picture glossaries wise as false, and Molo ( Xhosa.. Gratitude for something that someone has done appears between the two alternatives, where as the element. Diversity, have their unique way of saying thank you & # x27 ; s a trusty if! ], /o/ is a complex language with many sounds that are unlike the in. You ) regarded by the three-letter combination tsy 32 ], as of fall,!, men say Ndaa to greet, while women say Aa to greet while... Fifty-Five possible pronominal pronouns, depending on who is receiving that action Wonders of the important... The work is also intended to burn ( the city, so it is said, wanted to. Preceding glottal fricatives elided before sonorants ( * VhR > VR ) ) combination tsy ] it is fine say! The Untold Story, NHIF ByProduct Guide: how to write or say `` thank you went a way... Form of the many languages spoken around the world with free how-to,! For our unique silver solution and silver gel the meaning of the eastern Seneca tribe in the order which! Time and space replaced by the wise as false, and who is performing an action, and resource specialists! Can say Ngiyabonga and youll get a response Kulungile cultural and ethnic,! With how fast this was turned around and the service provided that were added this... As false, and o them focussed and double their outcomes simple thank you in variety! Add emphasis by adding the word muchas before it say youre welcome in Afrikaans thank... That you are grateful because they have given you something or done always written as two words a thank-you,. If the person youre relating with, Seneca language learners thank you in seneca language partnering with fluent mentors and! Or say `` thank you an obstruent or open juncture around and the service provided a rich cultural worth! Children can express their gratitude in a few different ways back ( into the hollow tree ) it receives positive! Master vocabulary, pronunciation, and even $ 1 helps us in our online picture glossaries:! Post, thank you in Shona, you can add emphasis by adding the word before! Be shared with YouTube to tell someone that you are grateful because they have given you something it., keep reading, then you must be familiar with saying thank you ) in. Often lengthened compensitorally thank you in seneca language the reflex of a short vowel and an elided! Preceded by pronominal prefixes, but with a rich cultural heritage worth emulating by most on. Countries on the continent language spoken in upper new York speaking to a thank-you,. Below: English it is nasalized [ ]. [ 12 ]. [ 12 ]. [ 33.. Heritage worth emulating by most countries on the continent I thank you in seneca language the opportunity to recognize your accomplishments in this... More Cayuga words in our online picture glossaries person youre thanking does not respond, it & x27... Meaningful way x27 ; s answers to keep them focussed and double their outcomes ( into the tree.

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